Growing and Caring for Norfolk Island Pine

Araucaria heterophylla, or Norfolk Island pine or Australian pine, is a southern hemisphere conifer native to the Norfolk Islands and Australia. Technically, its not a real pine. Norfolk Island Pine is one of the few conifers able to adapt to inside the home and is able to tolerate relatively low light levels. In its native habitat, this tree may reach 200 feet in height with 15-pound cones. The tree will grow outside in the United States but only in the semi-tropics of Florida. Specifics Scientific name: Araucaria heterophyllaPronunciation: air-ah-KAIR-ee-uh het-er-oh-FILL-uhCommon name(s): Norfolk Island Pine, Australian PineFamily: AraucariaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: South tip of Florida and California, zone 11Origin: not native to North AmericaUses: specimen, house plantAvailability: generally available in many areas within its hardiness range - especially during Christmas holidays. Pruning As Norfolk pine grows upward, the trunk thickens and the pine limbs increase in size. You should never cut their growing tips off and only rarely trim side branches for balance. A symmetrical look can be maintained by turning the plant regularly toward the sun. The lower branches and limbs tend to shed dry, brown needles when dehydrated and need pruning. The dry needles will not come back nor will lower limbs. These drying needles and dying limbs suggest drying out so follow watering instructions. The only maintenance pruning to be done is the removal of dead lower branches. Comments From Experts Extension Nursery Specialist Dr. Leonard Perry: If you want to invest in a houseplant with a future, buy a Norfolk Island pine. It requires minimal care, and because it grows slowly will remain small and attractive for many years indoors. Horticulturist Rosie Lerner: The Norfolk Island pine has grown in popularity as a live indoor Christmas tree. Its lush green twigs of soft needles provide a lovely backdrop for festive holiday ornaments. Moisture Norfolk pines have distinctively flat, whorled snow-flake like branches and short soft needles. They enjoy humid environments. As they age, and with the lack of humidity, the needles along the trunk will fall off. Mist spraying and a rocky moisture bed can increase humidity but never leave moisture around the roots. Just like under-watering, too much water will result in sporadic bright yellow needle clusters that come off very easily and dont come back. Check to make sure the plant is not standing in lots of water. It is actually inhibiting root water uptake, increasing root rot and, like lack of moisture is not good. These plants do best with consistency so stay on a weekly watering schedule - not too much and not too little h2o. You can get by with less during the dormant winter months. Fertilization Norfolk Island pines dont require frequent fertilization but when you do, use only at half the normal recommended rate. You can also use any complete soluble fertilizer including liquid foliar plant food applied as a mist for enhanced foliage response. Fertilize older plants every three to four months and repotted or newly purchased plants every four to six months. Try to limit the times you move your tree to a  new container as they have a weak root system which can be harmed by rough movement.  Norfolk Island pines need only be repotted every three to four years using a commercially available potting mixture. Culture Light requirement: tree grows in full sunSoil tolerances: clay; loam; sand; acidic; alkaline; well-drainedDrought tolerance: highAerosol salt tolerance: moderateSoil salt tolerance: good In Depth Although Norfolk pines provide some shade, they are not suitable for patios or terraces because they are too large and large surface roots are common. Obviously, this only applies to people growing the tree in south Florida. For the rest of us, moving a potted tree outside to partially shaded sun through spring and summer is a good thing. Many people forget how tall these trees grow. They often have an attractive pyramidal form (like a fir or spruce tree) when they are small, but they quickly grow too tall for most residential sites. They can live as a houseplant for a long time if not over-watered but rarely grow more than 5 or 6 feet tall. Growing best in full sun locations, this tree thrives on a variety of soils and is moderately salt tolerant. Young plants should be watered well, especially during periods of drought. Be sure to prune out multiple trunks or leaders as they should be grown with one central leader.​​ Propagation is by seeds or cuttings of erect shoot tips only.

Parental Influence on Children’s Talent Development- a...

Echo H. Wu Hong Kong Institute of Education This paper explores the influence of parenting beliefs and practices on children’s talent development through a specific perspective of several Chinese American families with gifted children. In-depth interviews were employed to collect data from the parents, and research questions focused on the daily practice of parenting and parents’ beliefs concerning how to nurture high achievement among children. Findings of this study include evidence of a sense of responsibility for parenting, a high level of confidence over their children’s future, and a mixed strategy of parenting that combines traditional Chinese parental expectations with an adopted Western notion of respect for a child’s own†¦show more content†¦e paper begins with a summary review of some major themes from traditional Chinese philosophy on learning and achieving and traditional views of the relationship between Chinese parenting styles and children’s out- Journal for the Education of the Gifted comes. Data from in-depth interviews collected from three Chinese American families are then presented with evidence of daily parenting practices. is is followed by an analysis of several major themes that emerged from the conversations. Implications will be discussed at the end of the paper. The rich, and in many ways unique, civilization of China, which developed through more than two thousand years of eventful history, owes more to the impress of Confucius’s personality and teaching than to any other single factor. (Smith, 1973, p. 9) roughout its history, China has been deeply in uenced by Confucian philosophy and practices, not the least in its theories of learning and achieving. One might well expect this in uence to appear in the parenting beliefs and practices of ethnic Chinese living in the U.S. and elsewhere today. For more than 2.5 millennia, Confucius (551–479 BC) has occupied a supreme place as the Great and Revered Teacher of the Chinese people. One of his key teachings was that of â€Å"Ren,† a word that conveys the notion of â€Å"a lifelong striving for any human being to become the most genuine, sincere, and humane person he or she can become† (Li, 2003, p. 146). 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Small Scale Business Management Free Essays

TABLE OF CONTENTS Â  EXECUTE SUMMARY This is a business expansion. The business name is Mcraj Arts Designs – catering and decoration busi. t started on 04 December 2010. We will write a custom essay sample on Small Scale Business Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was funded by Department of Youth on the 29th June 2010. When I started this project my aims was to make something that is unique in my place, I wanted to combine catering and decoration as I have registered at registration of companies, the project that I wanted to run was to hire tents with catering combined with a garden decorated for photos and video shooting. Unfortunately the finance that I got from the Department of Youth wasn’t enough for the project. In catering t be done during wedding, parties and funerals ceremonies because some customer they usually ask why is it not possible for me to cater for them with food also. And I will be catering for rallies, exhibitions, workshops and meetings because in my area when there are activities like workshops, rallies and exhibition they ask for catering of youth first. And in Kgalagadi north there is none existing business of youth for catering. I have also realise that in my area there is no resting place and where people can take photos and video shooting. Then I came up with an idea for a plot for photos and video shooting and sometimes. And sometimes people need to celebrate their weddings outside their place that’s is why I came with an idea of making a plot decorated for photo and video shooting, this will be not only for photos and video shooting and it will be for the customer who want celebrate their weddings and parties outside their place. In may market research, their some customer who need a place for resting with their friends and families. As for now I have been operating tent hire only. Since I have started this project I have realised that during festive season there is shortage of tents in areas because this festive I have more than four to five customers booking tent on the same date but I have only one tent. I have realise that I have to increase numbers of tents so as to cater for more events on the same date. According to income statement of my business from December 2010 up to December 2011 I have realize that the loss that I have is only for buying materials and transport as can see from attached documents. When I started the business the project was having full equipped materials especially dress lining for draping and decorations. My plans was to start saving for the project after I had full equipped material in the tent and also to buy small gazebos and jumping castles as my customer usually need then they hire the tent. The business was operating by the following organization and management structures. MANAGING DIRECTR {NONOFO SETLHOGILE} CLEANERS TENT PITCHERS TENT DECOTATORS NALEDI SETLHOGILE KEORAPETSE RAMOSESANE RAPELANG TSIENYANE KEOSIILE KARABOOTENG SEGOLE LETSHOLATHEBE MOHEME KEOBAKILE SEGOLE MOLEFI TSHIDI OBJECTIVE * To promote rural development and stimulate the provision of other services in remote areas of the country and also to reduce rural urban migration. * To lead other youth by example and encourage them to venture in to sustainable and viable income generating projects. * Generate employment mainly in rural areas and improve our standard of living. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE As the business will be expanding the structure will be as follows MANAGING DIRECTOR 1 SECRETARY ACCOUNTANT 1 1 CLEANERS TENT PITCHERS TENT DECOTATORS DRIVER 2 64 1 STOCK SUPPLY GROUNDS MAN COOKERS 1 24 OPERATIONAL PLAN The business will be providing tents for hire with catering and a garden decorated for photos and video shooting and the business will be operated by 23 employees as you can see from the organization plan. The managing director will be a decision maker, supervising the whole project to see if all work is done properly. The accountant will be doing records and booking keeping and also the employees payments. Secretary will be typing the projects minutes and hand – to – hand with the accountant. Cleaners will be cleaning storerooms, doing the laundry when there is a tender for tents hire, clean plates, glasses, cutlery, chafing dishes and bowls Tents pitchers will be washing tents before the events, also pitch tents during the events Tents decorators will be preparing decorations, lining for draping according to the colours of events and decorate during events. Driver will be transporting equipment wherever the events are, acting as messenger e. g checking mails at the post office and also transporting employees for caterings. Grounds men will watering, cleaning, cultivating, cutting trees and lawns and the garden plot. Cookers will be cooking food for events and acting as cashiers e. g weddings, parties, funerals, workshops, rallies, exhibitions, individuals e. t. c Stock supply will be supplying employees with equipment needed e,g books at the office, pins, cable ties, draping materials, decoration equipments for tents and count equipments like tables, chairs, cutlery, plates, chafing dishes, and glasses before and after the events to see if they are which is missing and also buy all materials that will be needed in the business. MARKET PLAN TARGET MARKET The business will be targeting wedding events, parties, funerals, meetings, workshop, rallies, exhibitions and individuals as the business will be offering combined services making wedding planning simpler and cheaper. Prices will be affordable with high quality services and good customer care. MARKET SIZE SALES FORECAST GOODS/SERVICES| YEAR SALES| UNIT PRICE(BWP)| TOTAL AMOUNT(BWP)| TENTS| 10 X 24m| 13| 19Â  500. 00| 253 500. 00| 9 X 18m| 15| 6Â  000. 00| 90 Â  000. 00| 7 x 15m| 17| 5Â  800. 00| 98 Â  600. 00| 9 x 9m| 30| 1Â  200. 00| 32Â  000. 00| CATERING| Breakfast| 550| 20. 00| 11Â  000. 00| Booking breakfast{placed orders}| 550| 25. 00| 13Â  750. 00| Tea break| 530| 20. 00| 10Â  600. 00| Booking tea break{placed orders}| 550| 25. 00| 13Â  750. 00| Lunch| 810| 25. 00| 20Â  250. 00| Booking lunch{placed orders}| 1400| 35. 00| 49Â  000. 00| Super| 540| 25. 00| 13Â  500. 00| Booking supper{placed orders}| 1300| 35. 00| 45Â  500. 00| GARDEN| Full day| 17| 3 500| 59Â  500. 00| Half day| 32| 2 500| 80Â  000. 00| TOTAL SALES REVENUE| 790Â  950. 00| COMPETITORS My competitors are: Tents * Itshome tent hire * Lokgwabe home base care tent hire * Mantle tents hire * Thati’s tents hire Catering * Itabeni guest house * welcome restaurant. Garden * I have none existing competitors for garden plot which be operated for resting, photos and video shooting MARKET SHARE: The price that I have for tent hire 9 x 18 m with chairs, rectangle tables, cutlery, plates, glasses, draping, carpets(green and red), stand and decorations catering for 200 people is BWP 6Â  000. 00 per event. Prices of my competitors are as follows: TENTS * ITSHOME TENT HIRE: fully equipped (tent 9 x 24m, chairs, rectangle tables, cutlery, plates, glasses, draping, stand and decorations) catering for 250 people – BWP 12Â  000. 00 * MANTLE TENT HIRE fully equipped (tent 9 x 21m, chairs, rectangle tables, cutlery, plates, glasses, draping, stand and decorations) catering for 200 people – BWP 10Â  000. 0 * LOKGWABE HOME BASE CARE: only tent of 5x10m with chairs, rectangle tables, plates, glasses and cutlery : catering for 50 people – BWP 2Â  500. 00 * THATI’S TENT HIRE: only tent of 7 x 15m with Lokgwabe chairs, rectangle tables, plates, glasses, cutlery, draping and decorations; catering for 100 people – BWP 5Â  200. 00 CATERING * ITABENI GUEST HOUSE: Breakfast – P 25. 00 Tea break – P 25. 00 Lunch – P 28. 00 Supper – P28. 00 Bookings for events{placed orders}: Breakfast – P 30. 00 Tea break – P30. 00 Lunch – P40. 00 Supper – P40. 00 * WELCOME RESTURANT: Breakfast – P 27. 00 Tea break – P 25. 00 Lunch – P 30. 00 Supper – P30. 00 Bookings for events{placed orders}: Breakfast – P 35. 00 Tea break – P30. 00 Lunch – P45. 00 Supper – P45. 00 MARKET STRATEGIES I intended to beat other suppliers in the area of my market by providing products / services with affordable prices. I will be maintaining high quality services to retain customers and build a reputation in the market e. g my tents will be having caterings, jumping castles, and gazebos. And also I have designs an arcs that will be decorated in front of tents and also others that will be partitioning inside the tents e,g inside the tent there will be portion for bride and groom maids, for groom ‘s parents, bride’s parents and others. DISTRIBUTIONS I will be delivering the my products/services to my customer where they want it to be e. g if I have catering orders for workshops, rallies, exhibitions, weddings, parties, funerals and meetings. And also tents equipments will be delivered to my customer for events. SUPPLY CHANNELS All tents, catering equipments and landscaping companies will be found in Gaborone and Lobatse. Materials for draping and decoration will be bought in Hukuntsi.. And also grocery for catering will be bought in Hukuntsi. In Hukuntsi there a only two wholesalers and one textile and clothing shop: (Sefalana and Trans and hilda’ clothing and curting for material of decoration and draping). There are two shops of tents in Gaborone: (Funhire and T and T ) and one in Lobatse: (Lobatse canvas). There also two landscaping companies that I found in Gaborone:(Soft rolls and BCD) All my suppliers are reliable. PRICING Tent hiring: * 9 x 37m tent that will be catering for 400 up to 500 people and I it will be BWP 19Â  500. 0 per event * 7 x 15m tent catering for 100 up to 150 people it will be BWP 5Â  800. 00 * 9 x 9m gazebo catering for small events like parties it will be BWP 1Â  500. 00 Catering * Breakfast – P 20. 00 * Tea break – P 20. 00 * Lunch – P 25. 00 * Supper – P25. 00 * Bookings for events{placed orders}: * Breakfast – P 25. 00 * Tea break – P25. 00 * Lunch – P35. 00 * Supper – P35. 00 Garden plot for Photos and video shooting only: Full day: BWP 3Â  500. 00 Half day: BWP 2Â  500. 00 PROMOTION I vigorously market my project by advertising through local channel media i. magazine, newspaper, facebook and also fliers, posters, sign boards, business cards e. tc. When I have a wedding I usually offer them free usher tags, and wedding programmes and I put my contact on the back of the usher tags. I also ask my customer to put me in the programme to advertise my products / services during the event. I maintain a database of customer and their requirements. Excellent services and attention to detail will attract repeat orders. FINANCIAL STRUCTURE FIXED ASSETS DESCRIPTIONS| QUANTITY | COST PER UNIT| TOTAL| Vehicle| 1| | | 7 x 15m tent| 1| | | 9 x 37m tent| 1| | | 9 x 9 m gazebos| 3| | | x 15m green carpet| 1| | | 9 x 37m green carpet| 1| | | 9 x 9m green carpet| 3| | | Red carpet 1. 2m x 40| 1| | | Chairs| 400| | | Round tables| 40| | | Rectangle tables| 20| | | Chair covers| 400| | | Round table covers| 40| | | Rectangle table covers| 20| | | Plates| 400| | | Glasses| 400| | | Knifes| 400| | | Forks| 400| | | Chafing dishes| 20| | | Vases| 40| | | Jugs| 40| | | Serving bowl| 10| | | Industrial stove| 1| | | Deep freezer| 1| | | Fridge| 1| | | Electric heating bucket| 2| | | Steel trays| 10| | | Cooking pots| 10| | | Food containers| 10| | | Fence 100m x 100m plot| | | | landscaping| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | OVERHEADS DESCRIPTIONS| QUANTITY | COST PER UNIT| TOTAL| Petrol: Gaborone to Lokgwabe| 562 km | P | | Rent| Year| P 750. 00| P9Â  000. 00| Salaries / wages| 6 months| P 22Â  600. 00| P 135Â  600. 00| landscaping| | | | Electricity| | | | Water| | | | Total | | | | APPLICANTS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS| QUANTITY | COST PER UNIT| TOTAL| Youth Loan repayment| 5 years| P | P| Water connection| | | | Electricity equipments| -| P 2 696. 33| P 2Â  696. 33| Grocery for catering| -| P 5Â  000. 00| P 5Â  000. 00| TOTAL| P 11Â  700. 00| INTERNAL ANALYSIS STRENG Employ staff who have required skills sets and train them to provide excellent customer services * Capability and capacity to provide in time * Networking base * Knowledge of local market * Self driven, motivated young woman able to adapt very quickly to new situations, conforming to and often surpassing expected standards WEAKNESS * Little bit of market skill * Lack of capital for the production purchases, as it will limit effectively complete the job * * I have staff who have required skills sets and I have trained them to provide excellent customer services EXTERNAL ANALYSIS OPPORTUNITIES * Make a difference and diversify economy Increase in the development budget will mean more project to implement * Creation of employment for the community area * The business must leverage its inherit strengths to capitalize on all potential sales opportunities * Em ploy staff who have required skills sets and train them to provide excellent customer services * Build up a strong reputation of reliability exemplary services and high quality services. * Capability and capacity to provide in time THREATS * New competitors emerging in the vicinity * Customers having financial problems * * * IMPLEMENTATION PLAN DATE| ACTIVITY| RESPONSIBLE PERSON| st and 2nd weekMarch 2012| * Buying all equipment of the project| * Managing director| 3rd and 4th weekMarch2012| * Building fence for garden plot * Prepare sketch plan for kitchen and storeroom * Arrange building material for kitchen and storeroom * Landscaping inspections| * Managing Director * Managing director * Managing director and building construction| 1st and 2nd week April 2012| * Landscaping, paving, planting trees and lawns * Start building storeroom and kitchen| * * Building construction| 3rd and 4th weekApril 2012| * Cleaning up the garden, storeroom and kitchen for inspections * Inspections| * Grounds men and cleaners * | 1st week May 2012| * Arranging equipment in the kitchen and storeroom * Decision making, Pricing,Prepares materials for bookkeeping records,Prepared recipe and schedules for catering | * Stock supply and cookers * Managing director, secretary and accountant| 2nd weekMay 2012| * Business start operating| * All employees| How to cite Small Scale Business Management, Essay examples

Health Assessment

Question: What is Health Assessment? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this essay is to evaluate and discuss the importance of health assessment from nursing perspective. Health assessment can be considered as the essential tool in the diagnosis and management of diseases in patients. It provides the evidence based approach for the healthcare planning and implementation. Health assessments skills are also known as the most important skills of the nursing professionals. The more accurate is the health assessment, the better outcomes will be obtained. Most of the time patients are hospitalized in acute or severe condition, which require thorough health assessment, so that disease or physical health problem could be identified at the initial stage. Thus essay will discuss the importance of health assessment in relation to adults in hospitals and elderly people in aged care setting. Health assessment is considered as the plan of care, which related to identifying the specific healthcare needs of the patients (Shi, 2012). Health assessment is conducted by the skilled and professional nurses, who evaluate the patients condition by performing physical health assessment. When a patient is admitted to acute care settings or emergency services, the first and foremost concern of the nursing professionals is to ensure patients safety (Shi, 2012). Health assessment helps nurses to identify the problem and ensure that patient is safe. Safety of the patient can only be ensured by assessing the problem that can result in deteriorated condition of patient. Health assessment is the first stage of nursing care. At this stage data about the health status of the patient is collected (Shi, 2012). This data is further used for devising the healthcare plan. Important information and data is collected through various components of health assessment. Physical Health Assessment: Physical health assessment is conducted on the very first stage. Physical health is the most important part that will explain the overall well-being of the patient. It included noting the respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, skin color, body position, temperature, bleeding, speech pattern and consciousness (Jarvis, 2012). Physical health assessment signifies observing the patient and identifying signs of clinical concerns. Patients Medical History: Next stage of health assessment is extracting the information about the past medical history of the patient. It will inform the nurse about past surgeries, chronic illness, ongoing physical problem. Medical history will help to understand the deteriorating condition of patient (Jarvis, 2012). Skin and Neurological Assessment: Skin assessment can be performed on the initial level and throughout the physical examination. Skin assessment is considered to be very important to identify the areas of vulnerability. Neurological assessment is important for identifying past history of any neurological disorder (Jarvis, 2012). Purpose of Health Assessment from Nursing Perspective Health assessment is the very important element of the nursing practice. Health assessment helps nurses to access the physical health condition of the patient and understanding the caring needs as well. Effective health assessment plays an important role in developing nursing care plans and also determines the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Nursing healthcare assessment is based on the nursing perspective, framework and outcomes (Atkinson, 2013). From the perspective of nurses, health assessment works as an efficient tool to determine the physical health condition as well as neurological health condition of a patient. The main emphasis of the assessment is to keep client in context and to apply best practice skills. From nursing perspective is considered as the most critical step, as the data obtained from the assessment and its accuracy will affect all the other phases and stages of nursing (Atkinson, 2013). The quality of the health assessment will impact the quality of care provided to the patient. It is also important for nurses, because it will ensure patients safety and avoid unintentional harms. The relevant data related to patient is collected through various components of assessment. The primary and secondary sources are also essential. For applying evidence based practice, health assessment is very vital from nursing perspective (Weber Kelley, 2013). Physical assessment is the major responsibility of the nurses for providing advanced and efficient clinical practice. Health assessment helps nurses to prepare a comprehensive and focused approach towards patients condition. Assessment also helps in identifying co-morbidities and abnormalities. From the nursing perspective, the purpose of health assessment is to achieve a conclusion about patients health condition. It provides a clinical judgment about patients health condition (Weber Kelley, 2013). Through assessment, nurses are able to implement the interventions for collaborative problems. Collaborative problems are physiological complications that nurse monitor to detect their onset and change in status (Weber Kelley, 2013). The main perspective of the nurses is to offer efficient, safe and quality care to the patient, which is only possible by effective health assessment. Nurse having poor nursing skills and lack of competency can pose serious complication for the patient. Ineffective health assessment and diagnosis can also result in poor outcomes (Kemppainen, Tossavainen, Turunen, 2013). The precision of the health assessment defines the effectiveness of the treatment and interventions. Thus, experience and multi-disciplinary knowledge is important for health assessment. The appropriate assessment also reduces health risks, risk of falls and mortality. Health Assessment of an Adult in a Hospital Health assessment for an adult in a hospital is very important and crucial. Health assessment will help in determining the physical condition and care needs of the adults. The health assessment of the adult will be conducted by monitoring of vital signs. The vital signs are mainly blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature, heart rate and level of consciousness. Providing the nursing care to an adult in hospital will require nurses to develop patient satisfaction skills. Adult patients are competent to access their medical treatment information and can also discuss their treatment plan. The sense of rights and autonomy are higher in adult patients. In my opinion their health assessment will require informed consent and participation of patient (if patient is not in severe condition or unconscious). The assessment of patient will also require maintaining respect and dignity of patient. The health assessment and nursing services are required to be client oriented. Health Assessment of an Elderly Patient in Aged Care Facility The health assessment for the elderly patient in aged care setting would require certain skills and expertise. The primary assessment can be done according to the standard rules, but some specific difference would be there. According my opinion, health assessment of the elderly patient will be more focused towards determining the functional ability of the patient. With the heart rate, heart rhythm is also required to be determined. The patient assessment must include information about physical mobility, past medical history, ongoing medication, reaction or adverse effects of any medication, activity for daily life (ADL), falls history, surgery, social support or care giving support and also financial status. Health assessment for elderly people can also include information about being socially isolated, nutritional status and oral health. Conclusion Health assessment is the main element of quality nursing practice. It has been recognized all over the world, as it helps in early diagnosis of disease and physical complications of patients. The essay discussed the definition of health assessment and main purpose of health assessment in nursing practice. Essay also discussed the purpose of health assessment from the nursing perspective with the help of current and relevant literature. Essay provides the details about health assessment for adult patient in hospital and elderly patient in aged care setting, and discussed that how these assessments are done differently. References Atkinson, D. E. B. O. R. A. H. (2013). Nursing observation and assessment of patients in the acute medical unit (Doctoral dissertation, University of Salford). Department of Health. (2014). Health assessment for people aged 75 years and older. Retrieved From: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/mbsprimarycare_mbsitem_75andolder Jarvis, C. (2012). Physical examination and health assessment, (6th ed). St. Louis: W.B. Saunders. Kemppainen, V., Tossavainen, K., Turunen, H. (2013). Nurses' roles in health promotion practice: an integrative review. Health Promotion International, 28(4), 490-501. Shi, L. (2012). The impact of primary care: a focused review.Scientifica,2012. Weber, J. R., Kelley, J. H. (2013). Health assessment in nursing. Lippincott Williams Wilkins.